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This landmark study of European international politics is a worthy complement to A.J.P. Taylor's classic The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848-1918. Paul Schroeder's comprehensive and authoritative addition to the Oxford History of Modern Europe charts the course of international history over the turbulent era of 1763-1848 in which the map of Europe and much of the world was redrawn time and again. Schroeder examines the wars, political crises, and intricate diplomatic transactions of the age, many of which, especially the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the Congress of Vienna and its aftermath, had far-reaching consequences for modern Europe.
Schroeder also provides a new sharply revisionist account of the course of international politics over these years and a major reinterpretation of the structure and operation of the international system. He shows how the practice of international politics was transformed in revolutionary ways with extensive and beneficial effects. The Vienna Settlement established peace, he demonstrates, by abandoning, not restoring, the competitive balance-of-power politics of the eighteenth century, and devising a new political equilibrium in its stead. A European consensus on a new political balance was developed, with new rules to maintain it, ushering in a uniquely peaceful, progressive period in European international politics. This wide-ranging and penetrating study will be of great interest to historians, political scientists, and students of international relations.
- Sales Rank: #1213370 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Oxford University Press, USA
- Published on: 1994-06-30
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.88" h x 2.44" w x 5.81" l, 2.81 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 920 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Library Journal
Presupposing considerable background and frequently taking issue with conventional wisdom, this important historical interpretation of international relations focuses almost entirely on the aims and tactics of statesmen responsible for foreign policy. Schroeder (Univ. of Illinois) argues, in great detail and with formidable scholarship, that a third of a century of great power equilibrium was achieved only because the players learned the hard way that balance-of-power politics, with its constantly shifting alliances, led only to war, not security. Revolutionary change in international behavior, not the restoration of old ways, came with the Congress of Vienna. Acceptance of hegemony by states unequal in power, new developments in international law, and broader international consensus permitted peace and progress. Essential for academic libraries.
- R. James Tobin, Univ. of Wisconsin Lib., Milwaukee
Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Narratively, the tangles of this diplomatic story touch on France, from its abject position at the conclusion of the Seven Years War through its recovery and overweening expansion as a Napoleonic empire, culminating in its accommodation to the new state system of the congress of Vienna. Analytically, the author devotes his text to appraising that new system aborning more than the 85 years covered here, during which statesmen gradually shed balance-of-power politics for an early form of collective security. In punctilious detail, Schroeder explains the fears and aspirations--and the strategems to allay or effect them--pursued by each great power. Thus, his book is 95 percent cogitation, 5 percent action; it rushes forward for a page, then takes 10 to explain what just happened, such as the chronic question of Poland (partitioned) or the Ottoman Empire (almost so), or Napoleon and Alexander I's ill-fated Tilsit deal of 1807. Stolid and serious, this nuanced addition to Oxford's well-regarded History of Modern Europe series should stand a long test of time. Gilbert Taylor
Review
"Highly readable and provocative....Schroeder delights in iconoclasm. That is part of the charm of this book; that is what makes it such fun to read....Stimulating and challenging."--Historian
"[An] important historical interpretation of international relations....formidable scholarship....Essential for academic libraries."--Library Journal
"This nuanced addition to Oxford's well-regarded History of Modern Europe series should stand a long test of time."--Booklist
"...thorough, thoughtful, argumentative, clearly and elegantly written, and it will stand for a long time as one of a handful of works read with profit and interest by many of the reading public as well as by scholars and students."--Central European History, Vol.30, No.1, 1987
Most helpful customer reviews
20 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
Great and necessary work, but biased
By A. Stavropoulos
"The Transformation of European Politics" has become THE standard text on diplomatic affairs of the 1763-1848. Its sweeping theses capture the reader. Where the book runs into trouble is the author's insistence on the culpability of France and Napoleon for the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. According to Schroeder the British and their allies were willing to accept French domination of Western Europe but Napoleon never accepted any limits to his goals and embarked on a campaign of World Conquest. Anything the Brits did to organize coalitions to destroy France was only in response to French aggression, etc. And the Congress of Vienna was the greatest human achievement since man learned to write, despite the fact that it stiffled the development of democracy in Europe. In particular I noticed points where Schroeder selectively uses arguments of older historians, but then fails to use arguments of the same historians which contradict his thesis (Albert Sorel for one). An important work, even if you need to argue against it.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Important Work
By R. Albin
This somewhat dense but well written book is the standard work on European international politics in this period. In many ways a fairly traditional diplomatic history, Schroeder provides a detailed and thoughtful narrative of diplomatic manuvering and the political aspects of wars in the period leading up to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars themselves, the nature of the post-Napoleonic settlement, and European diplomacy from 1815 to 1848. The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars are a particular focus; out of 17 chapters, 10 are devoted to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.
The narrative is detailed and quite readable, though many of the events described are fairly complex. What really distinguishes this book are some of Schroeder's broad interpretations. One important interpretation, which I believe is now accepted generally by historians of this period is that Revolutionary-Napoleonic France would have been accepted by the European state system if not so unremittingly aggressive. Other themes pursued throughout the book are the particular difficulties of the Austrian empire and the emergence of Britain and Russia as geographically peripheral but hegemonic powers. Schroeder's most important interpretation, however, is his argument, reflected in the title, about the metamorphosis of the European state system.
Schroeder argues convincingly that the Napoleonic wars produced a decisive and beneficial change in the European state system. The latter is construed quite broadly as it includes the Ottoman empire and there were connections with the USA and even Persia. Schroeder describes the 18th century balance-of-power system as an instrinsically unstable zero-sum that promoted aggression by the major powers and in which smaller states were continual victims. The experience of great conflict, particularly that provoked by Napoleon, produced a distinctly different system in which great powers restrained themselves in potential conflicts that could produce war, territorial borders were generally respected, and the security of weaker states was respected as essential to to providing buffers between larger states. Schroeder makes this argument quite convincingly and points to the relative success of the Congress of Vienna and the relative durability of European peace up to the 1840s as evidence of the strength of the new system. As a corollary, Schroeder argues also that it is incorrect to see the Congress of Vienna settlement as an attempt to turn back the clock and restore the ancien regime.
While Schroeder's broad interpretation is convincing, there are some limitations in the nature and presentation of his analysis. Because of the unavoidably complex narrative, there is something of a forest for the trees problem for readers in appreciating the evidence for Schroeder's argument. Perhaps more important, Schroeder's narrative tends to omit what may be some important features that probably contributed to the transformation of the state system. One of the reasons for the change of the state system was that these were different states. Led by the French state, this period sees a considerable increase in state power, including war capacity via conscription. In some states, international politics becomes more entangled in domestic politics, somewhat different from the more dynastic nature of most 18th century states. Readers interested in an interesting overview of the changes in European states resulting from the Napoleonic wars should look up Michael Broers interesting book on this topic.
4 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Exposing Napoleon as a rascal
By Devl's Advocate
A truly refreshing look into the evolution of European diplomatic history from dynastic politics to cabinet politics to Realpolitik.
A refreshing look into Napoleon as a bumbling egomaniac a captain of the art of war in a sea of mediocrity, and an evil empire builder, despotic and neopotic. A pillager, liar, and bungler who was courting disasters in his every endeavours, only to be saved by his more incompetent, moronic adversaries.
Schroeder also blasts the system of the balance of power amongst the Great Powers (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria, France) as leading to instability, partitions and war, all at the expenses of less powers like Danmark, Poland, Ottoman Empire etc. as each of the Great Powers angled to tilt the balance to its favour.
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